This month, just like what we did other times, we will examine two geographically distant grapes, protagonists in their respective regions and precisely Sicily and Friuli Venezia Giulia. In the tasting by contrast of this month we will in fact pour in our glasses wines produced with Frappato - to represent Sicily - and Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, prestigious variety of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Two very different grapes, not only because of the geographical distance dividing them, but in particular for their viticultural and enological qualities, giving to the glass distant wines as well. Varieties of remarkable personality, Frappato and Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso are vinified both alone and blended to other grapes and, in this specific case, their contribution is frequently recognizable and determinant. Protagonists in wines belonging to Italian Denominazione d'Origine Controllata, Frappato and Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso are today among the most representative grapes in their respective regions.

 Two different characters, something evident by simply evaluating the aspect, wines produced with Frappato and Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso are different on every aspect and this is particularly evident in the taste. Both varieties are getting more and more popular in the last recent years, in particular Frappato, the queen grape of the territory of Vittoria, in province of Ragusa, and its renowned Cerasuolo. Talking about popularity, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso is nothing less than the Sicilian variety, as it is the important protagonist of reds in Friuli Venezia Giulia and it is a grape used for the production of many Denominazione d'Origine Controllata wines. The spreading of the two grapes is practically limited to their respective regions of origin, although it should be noticed Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso is marginally found in other regions as well, in particular Veneto.

 Frappato is one of the great red grapes found in vineyards of Sicily, famous, in particular, for being the protagonist of Denominazione d'Origine Controllata “Vittoria Frappato” and part of the only DOCG wine of the island. This interesting red variety is in fact used, with Nero d'Avola, for the production of Cerasuolo di Vittoria and it can also be present up to 50%. Frappato, despite it is mainly cultivated in the provinces of Ragusa and Syracuse, it is also found in the whole territory of Sicily and its origin is not completely clear. Frappato is believed by some to be an indigenous variety of Sicily, whereas others support the idea it was introduced to this island from the Iberian Peninsula, although it is not clear how this may have happened. A research done on Frappato's DNA suggested this variety has analogies with Sangiovese, however it should be noticed the wines produced with the Sicilian variety are completely different.

 Another theory suggests Frappato may have a connection to Ciliegiolo, as well as to Gaglioppo, the famous red grape from Calabria. Even the origin of the name seems to be unclear. Some believe Frappato comes from the term fruttato (Italian for fruity) as the wines produced with this grape give to the nose intense sensations directly recalling red and black fruits. The only sure thing about this grape is the first mention of Frappato: in a document dated back to the half of 1700s and found in Vittoria - in province of Ragusa - we can in fact read this variety was already cultivated in this territory at those times. Wines produced with Frappato are characterized by a color of moderate transparency, with aromas having a strong fruity character in which - sometimes - can also be perceived spicy notes, in particular black pepper. Capable of giving wines with a good body, Frappato is also characterized by a pleasing crispness and moderate astringency.

 One of the most famous and significant red berried grapes of Friuli Venezia Giulia is, undoubtedly, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso. Found in the entire territory of Friuli Venezia Giulia, this renowned red grape is protagonist in many wines of the region, both used alone and blended to other varieties. Grape having a great personality, the contribution of Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso in other wines does not pass unnoticed. This grape is the main representative of the so called “Refoschi” family, however it should be noticed it does not have any connection with the other members. The origin of this red grape is to be traced back to the Istrya and Karst regions and it was certainly known since the times of ancient Romans. The grape Romans called Pacium was, very likely, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, which wines were very successful and appreciated.

 A research conducted on this variety allowed to discover some common qualities, among the many, with Corvina, Primitivo and Pinot Noir grapes. It must however be said wines produced with Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso are, from an organoleptic point of view, quite different from those made with these varieties. Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso is spread and found in the entire territory of Friuli Venezia Giulia, marginally found in the neighboring Veneto region as well. The name of this famous variety from Friuli comes from the typical red color the peduncle gets when the grape reaches full ripeness, a condition that - it should be said - it gets later than other varieties found in the area. Wines produced with Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso are characterized by a good body - it is in fact frequently made in cask or barrique - and it also gives to the mouth a pleasing sensation recalling almond. A versatile grape and having character, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso is capable of making wines suited for the long aging and giving - over time - interpretations of remarkable value.

 As usual, for our tasting by contrast we will choose two wines produced with the grapes protagonists of the evaluation and used alone, in order to ensure the best expression of the respective characteristics. As this is something usually happening with mono varietal Italian wines belonging to certain Denominazione d'Origine Controllata areas, despite in the label is mentioned the name of the variety, indeed it can represent the blend for a minimum of 85%. The remaining part is represented by other varieties provided by the denomination itself and that, most of the times, significantly affect the organoleptic profile of the main variety. We will make therefore sure to choose a Vittoria Frappato and a Colli Orientali del Friuli Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso produced with 100% of the respective grapes and preferably vinified in inert containers, having about two years of aging. The wines, as usual, will be poured in their respective tasting glasses at the temperature of 18 °C (64 °F).

Transparency of Frappato as seen from the glass

 After having poured the two wines in their respective glasses, let's start the tasting by contrast from the appearance analysis, that is the characteristics of the wine perceived by the sight. The first wine we will evaluate is Vittoria Frappato and, by tilting the glass on a white surface, let's pay our attention to the base of the wine. Frappato gives the sight a brilliant and lively ruby red color with a moderate transparency from which can be seen the object behind the glass. Towards the opening of the glass, where the wine's thickness is at its thinnest, we will observe nuances in which can be clearly seen ruby red and, sometimes, purple hues. Let's now pass to the evaluation of Colli Orientali del Friuli Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and observe the base of the wine, by holding the glass tilted. The first difference to be noticed is transparency, evidently lower in the wine from Friuli. The color shows an intense and deep ruby red hue and, towards the opening of the glass, nuances confirm this color.

 The differences between the two varieties - evident and clear - will be revealed from the olfactory analysis of the wines, confirming the distance between the grapes and not only from a geographical point of view. Frappato is mainly appreciated for its lively and immediate aromas recalling red fruits, such as cherry, raspberry and strawberry. A characteristic frequently perceived in the Sicilian red is a pleasing spicy aroma recalling black pepper, a quality adding elegance and complexity to the wine. The olfactory profile of Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso is quite different, in which we mainly perceive aromas of black fruits. In wine produced with this grape will be mainly perceived aromas of black cherry, plum, blueberry and blackberry, as well as a pleasing note of violet. The grape from Friuli is characterized, sometimes, by herbaceous sensations recalling vegetables, among the many, in particular, it can be perceived the aroma of bell pepper as well as a pleasing spicy aroma recalling black pepper.

 Just like what we did for the appearance analysis, also in olfactory evaluation we will start from Vittoria Frappato. Let's keep the glass in vertical position and, without swirling, evaluate opening aromas. From the glass are perceived intense and pleasing aromas of cherry, raspberry and strawberry, to which are added aromas of violet and cyclamen. After having swirled the glass, the olfactory profile of Frappato is completed by blueberry, plum, blackberry and, sometimes, it also reveals to the nose an aroma of black pepper. let's now pass to the olfactory evaluation of Colli Orientali del Friuli Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso. The opening of this wine gives the nose aromas of black cherry, plum and blackberry - evidently “thicker” than Frappato - to which is added the aroma of violet. After having swirled the glass, the profile of this wine is completed by the aromas of blueberry, raspberry and cyclamen. In Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso can be sometimes perceived aromas recalling the world of vegetables and herbs, in which can be sometimes recognized the aroma of green bell pepper.

 Let's now pass to the evaluation of the gustatory profiles of the two wines of our tasting by contrast, from which will be revealed substantial sensorial differences. Let's now take a sip of Vittoria Frappato and let's start the gustatory analysis. In the mouth Frappato has a pleasing crisp attack to which follows a good body, with a moderate transparency, however essential for its balance. In the mouth are perceived pleasing flavors of cherry, raspberry and strawberry, confirming what we already perceived to the nose. Let's now pass to Colli Orientali del Friuli Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and take a sip of this wine. The attack reveals a wine having a fuller body than Frappato, a lower crispness and a more evident astringent sensation, however moderate and right in order to get a good balance. In the mouth are perceived flavors of black cherry, plum and blackberry, a good correspondence to the nose. In both cases the contribution of alcohol is significant and well perceptible, non excessive, perfect for the gustatory balance.

 The final phase of our tasting by contrast will focus on the evaluation of taste-olfactory persistence of the two wines as well as the organoleptic sensations perceived in the mouth. The finish of Vittoria Frappato is of good persistence and in the mouth is possible to perceive - clean and intense - the aromas of cherry, raspberry and strawberry, confirming the qualities perceived both to the nose and taste. The finish of Colli Orientali del Friuli Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso is persistent and, after having swallowed the wine, in the mouth are perceived intense flavors of black cherry, plum and blackberry, frequently followed by a sensation of bitter almond. Let's now compare the sensation of body and crispness left in the mouth by the two wines: Frappato is crisper than Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and with a weaker body. Two different and distant styles, however elegant and of extraordinary gustatory finesse, Frappato and Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso makes wines having distinct characters, however of remarkable personality.